Which Of The Following Is True About The Life Cycle Of Animals?

The boxes in a box model are

a. sources

b. sinks

c. reservoirs

d. fluxes

c. reservoirs

Which of the following are all biogeochemical cycles?

a. carbon, nitrogen, rock

b. carbon, oxygen, rock

c. nitrogen, oxygen, rock

d. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

d. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

Studying a population of animals in isolation of other units is an example of Earth system science.

Truthful or False

Simulated

The Earth is considered a closed system.

True or False

Truthful

In the carbon bicycle, carbon moving from the biosphere to the atmosphere is called:

a. evaporation

b. fossil fuel combustion

c. respiration

d. photosynthesis

c. respiration

Which of the following is an case of a positive feedback?

a. an unpaid credit carte residuum that accrues interest

b. the heating/cooling organization of a business firm

c. the level of a lake filled past rain and tuckered past a stream

d. the human trunk cooling by sweating

a. an unpaid credit card balance that accrues interest

The situation where materials have a very long residence time in a reservoir is chosen:

a. sequence stratigraphy

b. sequestration

c. isolated

d. airtight

e. source

f. sink

b. sequestration

Satellite observations from infinite are critical to World system scientific discipline

True or Simulated

True

In the hydrological bicycle, water moving from the atmospheric reservoir to the land or ocean is:

a. surface runoff

b. evaporation

c. respiration

d. precipitation

d. precipitation

Which of the following is the most common cause of human being influence on biogeochemical cycles?

a. drilling for oil in alaska

b. building bridges over rivers

c. dumping of waste in landfills

d. atmospheric emissions of pollution

d. atmospheric emissions of pollution

The anthroposphere has only existed for about 250 years

True or False

False

Water vapor is considered to exist apart of the hydrosphere

True or False

Fake

The __________ is the mixture of gases - predominantly nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and h2o vapor - that surrounds Earth

a. biosphere

b. atmosphere

c. geosphere

d. cryosphere

due east. hydrosphere

f. insectosphere

b. atmosphere

If there are uncertainties in aspects of an earth arrangement, which of the following statements is about true?

a. this implies a lack of knowledge, and no conclusions can be drawn from what is known about the system.

b. the scientific method is not helpful for making any policy decisions.

c. it is normal for uncertainty to be in our knowledge of a highly complex and irresolute system

d. policy makers should non accept the findings of scientists until they are absolutely certain about their predictions.

c. it is normal for dubiousness to exist in our knowledge of a highly circuitous and changing system

Systems can only be divers for processes that are happening currently

True or False

False

All of the following units could be used as flux units when describing a arrangement with a box model, except:

a. molecules per solar day

b. gigatonnes per twelvemonth

c. kilometers per hour

d. moles per hr

e. cubic meters per second

c. kilometers per hour

A chalice of water with a clear, closed pinnacle is an instance of a _________ system.

a. geographic data

b. closed

c. open

d. isolated

b. closed

Which of the following statements best characterized World systems?

a. globe systems are always open systems

b. globe systems tend toward self-regulation and a land of equilibrium

c. earth systems maintain a state of perfect equilibrium, even on local scales

d. earth systems are near often governed past positive feedback

due east. globe systems are totally chaotic

b. earth systems tend toward self-regulation and a state of equilibrium

Which is the following places is non in the life zone of the globe?

a. on the frozen glaciers of Antarctica

b. the deep (greater than 10 km) interior of the globe

c. the deepest reaches of the ocean

d. the tops of the highest mountains

due east. downtown fort mcmurray

f. in the midst of the sahara desert

b. the deep (greater than x km) interior of the earth

The ________ is the solid globe, composed principally of rock (by which nosotros mean any naturally formed, nonliving, business firm coherent amass mass of solid matter that constitutes part of a planet) and regolith (the irregular blanket of loose, uncemented stone particles that covers the solid earth).

a. insectosphere

b. geosphere

c. cryosphere

d. biosphere

east. atmosphere

f. hydrosphere

b. geosphere

What % of rocks are sedimentary?

75%

Where is the life zone on earth?

The life zone is a region no greater than 10 km above earth'south surface and 10 km below the surface.

World System Reservoirs - Review

• globe is made upwards of four vast reservoirs
• the four reservoirs collaborate nearly intensively in a narrow zone called the life zone
• geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere

Negative Feedback - Review

• When room temperature cools, a metallic strip in the thermostat cools and contacts an electric circuit, turning on the furnace.
• When the temperature rises, this strip warms and bends away from the electric contact, turning off the furnace.
• This is an example of negative feedback where a arrangement's response is in the opposite direction from the initial input.
• Negative feedback cycles are often described as being cocky-limiting or cocky-regulating.
• Implies a land of equilibrium or residue

Positive Feedback - Review

• an increment in the output leads to a further increment in the output

Example: A child who throws a temper tantrum. If the parent gives the child some candy in response to the tantrums, the child volition likely have more than intense and more than frequent tantrums each fourth dimension he wants candy, leading the parent to be even quicker to mitt over the candy. Positive feedback is destabilizing - instead of returning the arrangement to equilibrium a positive feedback amplifies the original disturbance.

The Free energy Cycle

• dissimilar from other earth cycles in the style that information technology describes the movement of free energy through the organization rather than the movement of materials
• we can think of earth energy bicycle as a "budget" we can add, subtract, or transfer energy just information technology must balance. without residual, the earth's near-surface environment either heats up or cools down
• internal and external sources of free energy cycle through the four reservoirs of the world system
• drives processes such as wind, waves, and photosynthesis

The Scientific Method - Review

the use of evidence that can be seen and tested by anyone who has the means to do so consisting of:

• formulating and testing a hypothesis
• developing and refining a theory
• the police force s of science

What is globe system science?

the science that studies the whole planet equally a system of unnumberable, interacting parts and focuses on the changes within and among those parts.

examples of these parts: the ocean, the atmosphere, continents, lakes and rivers, soils, plants, and animals.

What is Globe Science Enterprise (ESA)?

a NASA mission which is a comprehensive program for studying ecology changes from space.

What is remote sensing?

the continuous or repetitive drove of information about a target - globe, in this case - from a distance. Remote sensing more than whatsoever other applied science, has made possible observations on a k scale, and many kinds of measurement and monitoring that could not have been otherwise accomplished.

example: the "ozone hole" over antartica - the decline in the concentration of ozone high in the atmosphere is measured past remote sensing

What is a organization?

a system is whatsoever portion of the universe that can be isolated from the rest of the universe for the purpose of observing and measuring changes.

What is an isolated system?

This is the simplest kind of organisation to sympathize. It has a boundary that prevents the organisation from exchanging either affair or energy with its surroundings. The concept of an isolated system is easy to understand - both the affair and the energy within the arrangement are fixed and finite because none tin can enter and none can leave the system.

What is a closed system?

where the boundary permits the exchange of energy, but not the affair, with the surroundings.

What is an open system?

ane that can exchange both energy and matter across its boundary

example: an isle

What is a box model?

a simple, convenient graphical representation of a organisation

a box model allows y'all to measure out how volumes and exchanges of materials and energy betwixt world's reservoirs modify over time which provides an agreement of earth systems.

What is flux?

the amount of matter (or free energy) that is transferred along and the rate at which it is transferred.

What is a reservoir?

a storage place; a identify in the earth arrangement where fabric or energy resides for some period of time.

What is a steady state?

when the flux of matter into a reservoir matches the flux out of that reservoir, we say that the reservoir is at a steady state

What is a sink?

when the flux of some substance into a reservoir is greater than the flux of that substance out of that reservoir

What is a source?

if more of a substance is coming from a reservoir than is flowing into information technology, the reservoir is chosen a source.

What is residence time?

the average length of time water spends in whatsoever reservoir

What is the upshot of residence fourth dimension?

how long a textile can be expected to remain in a reservoir, and the processes whereby it may be acquired to leave the reservoir - is one of the cardinal concerns of earth system scientific discipline and of modern ecology scientific discipline.

What is sequestration?

materials that have such long residence times in a reservoir they are isolated from the residue of the earths organisation for long periods of time

What type of system is the earth?

as a whole the globe is a closed arrangement - or at least very close to being a closed organization.

the fact that earth is a closed system has two important implications for those of u.s. who occupy its surface.

1. the amount of thing in a airtight system is stock-still and finite
2. if changes are made in one part of a closed system the results of those changes eventually will bear on other parts of the system

The Geosphere - Review

• the solid globe composed primarily of rock (past which nosotros hateful any naturally formed, not-living, firm coherent aggregate mass of solid matter that constitutes apart of the planet) and regolith (the irregular rock particles that cover the solid earth)

The Hydrosphere - Review

• the totality of earths h2o, including; oceans, lakes, streams, undercover h2o, and all snow and ice.
• the perennially frozen parts of the hydrosphere are collectively referred to as the cryosphere

The Atmosphere - Review

• the mixture of gases - predominantly nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor - that surrounds globe

The Biosphere - Review

• includes all of earth'southward organisms, likewise as whatever organic matter not withal decomposed

The Anthrosphere - Review

• the "human sphere"
• comprised of people and their interests
• man impacts on the natural earth system

What is feedback?

a system response that occurs when the output of the system also serves as an input and leads to changes in the state of the system

What is negative feedback?

the systems response is in the opposite management from the initial input

What is positive feedback?

an increment in the output leads to a farther increment in the output

What is the hydrologic wheel?

the fluxes of water among the various reservoirs of the hydrosphere

What is the energy cycle?

encompasses the "smashing engines" - the external and internal energy sources of the planet that drive the cycles of the globe's sytem

What is the rock bicycle?

describes the results of completing internal and external forces that come across at earths surface, continually building up, breaking downward, transporting and transforming rocks.

What is the tectonic cycle?

described the processes whereby earth's major geologic features are formed, including mountain ranges, continents, deep ocean trenches, and ocean basins

What is the biogeochemical cycle?

describes the movement of whatsoever element or chemical chemical compound that cycles through the biosphere and plays a office in its stability, besides as cycling through other earth'due south reservoirs

What is global change?

the changes produced in the earth's organisation every bit a result of human activities

What does it hateful when we say that a organization or a reservoir is at a steady country? Relate the concept of steady state to the definition of flux.

when the flux of matter into a reservoir matches the flux out of that reservoir nosotros say that the reservoir is at a steady state.

the amount of matter and the rate at which it is carried is called flux. Flux is a means of measuring matter whereas steady state is an equal measurement of flux in and flux out

Why is positive feedback sometimes called a "savage cycle"?

because information technology is destabilizing - instead of returning the system to equilibrium, a positive feedback amplifies the original disturbance.

Which term describes a conceptual organization that is never really encountered?

a. A closed organisation

b. An open organisation

c. An isolated system

d. A organization in dynamic equilibrium

c. An isolated organization

Which of the following is NOT an case of a airtight system

a. The global carbon bicycle

b. The global nitrogen cycle

c. A box with a moveable lid that could be pushed in or pulled out like a piston

d. The hydrological bike of North America

d. The hydrological cycle of N America

uP.xi Fig.B1.1(C )

Newton not simply stated his thought of gravity, simply he also formulated a theory.

   True or False

Imitation  p.23

A polar-orbiting satellite appears stationary in the sky from the Globe.

True or False

False  p.9

Which of the following is a trait of a high-altitude, geostationary satellite that is lacked by low-altitude satellites:

a. Large field of view (run into unabridged continents)

b. The state surface can be blocked by clouds

c. Much more detailed spatial resolution

d. See different parts of the Globe at different times

e. Has sensors that detect in the infrared region

a. Large field of view (see unabridged continents) p.9

Many of the sensors on satellites find electromagnetic radiation outside the range of the human being eye.

True or False

    True  p.ix

Source: https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/chapter-1-the-earth-system-6292345/packs/9832059

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